使用 FastAPI 删除数据

现在我们添加一个路径操作来删除一个英雄。

这非常简单。😁

删除路径操作

因为我们要删除数据，所以我们使用 HTTP DELETE 操作。

我们从路径参数中获取 hero_id 并验证它是否存在，就像我们读取单个英雄或更新它时所做的那样，可能会引发一个 404 响应的错误。

如果我们确实找到了一个英雄，我们只需使用会话将其删除。

Python 3.10+

# Code above omitted 👆

def delete_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        session.delete(hero)
        session.commit()
        return {"ok": True}

👀 完整文件预览

Python 3.10+

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: int | None = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: int | None = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    pass


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroUpdate(SQLModel):
    name: str | None = None
    secret_name: str | None = None
    age: int | None = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(offset: int = 0, limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100)):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
        return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not db_hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
        db_hero.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        session.delete(hero)
        session.commit()
        return {"ok": True}

🤓 其他版本和变体

Python 3.9+Python 3.8+

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    pass


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroUpdate(SQLModel):
    name: Optional[str] = None
    secret_name: Optional[str] = None
    age: Optional[int] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=list[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(offset: int = 0, limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100)):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
        return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not db_hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
        db_hero.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        session.delete(hero)
        session.commit()
        return {"ok": True}

from typing import List, Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException, Query
from sqlmodel import Field, Session, SQLModel, create_engine, select


class HeroBase(SQLModel):
    name: str = Field(index=True)
    secret_name: str
    age: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, index=True)


class Hero(HeroBase, table=True):
    id: Optional[int] = Field(default=None, primary_key=True)


class HeroCreate(HeroBase):
    pass


class HeroPublic(HeroBase):
    id: int


class HeroUpdate(SQLModel):
    name: Optional[str] = None
    secret_name: Optional[str] = None
    age: Optional[int] = None


sqlite_file_name = "database.db"
sqlite_url = f"sqlite:///{sqlite_file_name}"

connect_args = {"check_same_thread": False}
engine = create_engine(sqlite_url, echo=True, connect_args=connect_args)


def create_db_and_tables():
    SQLModel.metadata.create_all(engine)


app = FastAPI()


@app.on_event("startup")
def on_startup():
    create_db_and_tables()


@app.post("/heroes/", response_model=HeroPublic)
def create_hero(hero: HeroCreate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = Hero.model_validate(hero)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.get("/heroes/", response_model=List[HeroPublic])
def read_heroes(offset: int = 0, limit: int = Query(default=100, le=100)):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        heroes = session.exec(select(Hero).offset(offset).limit(limit)).all()
        return heroes


@app.get("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def read_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        return hero


@app.patch("/heroes/{hero_id}", response_model=HeroPublic)
def update_hero(hero_id: int, hero: HeroUpdate):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        db_hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not db_hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        hero_data = hero.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
        db_hero.sqlmodel_update(hero_data)
        session.add(db_hero)
        session.commit()
        session.refresh(db_hero)
        return db_hero


@app.delete("/heroes/{hero_id}")
def delete_hero(hero_id: int):
    with Session(engine) as session:
        hero = session.get(Hero, hero_id)
        if not hero:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Hero not found")
        session.delete(hero)
        session.commit()
        return {"ok": True}

成功删除后，我们只需返回一个响应

{
    "ok": true
}

回顾

就是这样，请随意在交互式文档 UI 中尝试删除一些英雄。💥

使用 FastAPI 读取数据并将其与 SQLModel 结合使用，可以非常简单地从数据库中删除数据。